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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">第一章-绪论</h1>
        

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        <h1 id="第一章-绪论"><a href="#第一章-绪论" class="headerlink" title="第一章-绪论"></a>第一章-绪论</h1><h2 id="主要知识"><a href="#主要知识" class="headerlink" title="主要知识"></a>主要知识</h2><pre><code>熟悉的网络有三大类：电信网络，有线电视网络和计算机网络

计算机网络的主要功能是：资源共享和数据通信（具有连通信和共享性）

计算机网络的组成：由若干结点和连接它们的链路组成

ARPANET是互联网的雏形

internet(互连网)是一个通用名词，泛指多个计算机网络互相连接的计算机网阔

Internet(互联网）是一个专有名词，指全球目前最大的，开放的互连网

ISP:互联网服务提供商（移动，电信，联通）</code></pre><p><img src="/images/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/ISP%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="avatar"></p>
<pre><code>*互联网的拓扑结构虽然非常复杂，但是按照工作方式分，可以分为：
边缘部分和核心部分

边缘部分：由所有连接在互联网上的主机组成，用户可以直接使用（资源共享和数据通信）
核心部分：由网络和连接这些网络的路由器组成，为边缘部分提供服务</code></pre><p><img src="/images/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="avatar"></p>
<pre><code>网络边缘的通信方式通常可以划分为两大类：客户-服务器方式（C/S）和对等方式（C/S）

关于两者的区别：
前者强调服务者与被服务者的关系，后者没有，后者其实就是前者的双向应用</code></pre><p>   <img src="/images/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/CS%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="avatar"><br>   <img src="/images/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/%E5%AF%B9%E7%AD%89%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="avatar"></p>
<pre><code>   核心部分起特殊作用的是：路由器；作用是存储转发

边缘部分和核心部分的工作方式是什么？

边缘部分由连接在互联网上的主机组成，用户可以直接使用资源共享，数据通信
核心部分由网络和连接网络的路由器组成，核心部分的工作方式其实就是路由器的工作方式，即存储转发

交换技术分别有哪几种？它们的区别是什么？

交换技术主要有电路交换，报文交换，分组交换；
电路交换将报文的比特流连续从源点直达重点，像在管道中传送
报文交换是整个报文先到相邻节点，全部存储下来之后再查找转发表，进行转发
分组交换其实就是将报文交换中的报文拆分为多个分组，存储转发</code></pre><p> <img src="/images/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="avatar"></p>
<pre><code> 计算机网络按范围分：
广域网（WAN），城域网（MAN）,局域网(LAN)，个人区域网(PAN)

按用户分：
专用网和公用网

计算机网络性能指标：
速率，带宽，时延，时延带宽积，吞吐量，往返时间RTT，利用率

速率：数据传输的速率
带宽：表示某通道传输数据的能力
时延：分为发送时延，传播时延，处理时延和排队时延
时延带宽积：时延*带宽
吞吐量：单位时间内，通过某网络的实际数据量
往返时间RTT：从发送开始计时直到发送方收到接收方的确认
利用率：信道的利用率

计算机网络体系结构，最有名的是两种：OSI参考模型和TCP/IP的四层协议</code></pre><p><img src="/images/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84.png" alt="avatar"></p>
<h2 id="部分习题："><a href="#部分习题：" class="headerlink" title="部分习题："></a>部分习题：</h2><pre><code>C/S和P2P的主要区别是什么？有什么相同的地方？
前者强调服务者与被服务者的关系，后者没有，后者其实就是前者的双向应用

计算机网络有哪些常用的性能指标？
速率，带宽，吞吐量，时延，时延带宽积，往返时间RTT,利用率

网络协议的三要素是什么？有什么含义？
语法：即数据与控制信息的结构或格式
语义：即需要发出何种控制信息，完成何种动作
同步：即事件发生的顺序</code></pre><h2 id="思维导图"><a href="#思维导图" class="headerlink" title="思维导图"></a>思维导图</h2><p><img src="/images/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/%E7%BB%AA%E8%AE%BA.png" alt="avatar"></p>

      
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